A framework for addressing health disparities in vulnerable populations with the help of Esri Community Analyst     

Camelia Maria Kantor  Veronica Constantin 《GeoJournal》2017,82(1):1-8

Increasingly, health outcomes are tied to nutritional opportunities based on the availability of foods and cultural patterns of consumption. This paper demonstrates how Esri Community Analyst can help in identifying at-risk communities. The methodology that results argues a means by which national data made available by Esri in a “one-stop shop” can be utilized in a simplified, user-friendly way to identify specific populations with higher prevalence of certain diseases and areas where nutritional needs are likely unmet. For demonstration purposes, this paper presents a case study for South Carolina, USA.  相似文献   

Comparison of aquifer vulnerability assessment techniques. Application to the Néblon river basin (Belgium)     

Radu?Constantin?GoguEmail author  Vincent?Hallet  Alain?Dassargues 《Environmental Geology》2003,44(8):881-892

Five different methods for assessing intrinsic aquifer vulnerability were tested in a case study and their results compared. The test area was a slightly karstified district in the Condroz region of Belgium. The basin covers about 65 km² and the karst aquifer provides a water-supply of about 28,000 m³d^-1. The methods tested were: EPIK (Doerfliger et al. 1999), DRASTIC (Aller et al. 1987), 'German method' (von Hoyer and Söfner 1998), GOD (Foster 1987) and ISIS (Civita and De Regibus 1995). The results are compared and critically examined. From the analysis, it seems that reducing the number of parameters is unsatisfactory, due to the variety of geological conditions. The various methods produce very different results at any given site. As only physically-based methods can be checked for their reliability, it is clear that future vulnerability mapping techniques must incorporate such methods.  相似文献   

The structure and spatial distribution of pelagic fish schools in multispecies clusters: an acoustic study   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Masse  Jacques; Koutsikopoulos  Constantin; Patty  Wilhelmina 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(2):155-160

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The effect of coastal topography on the spatial structure of anchovy and sardine   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Giannoulaki  Marianna; Machias  Athanassios; Koutsikopoulos  Constantin; Somarakis  Stylianos 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(4):650-662

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Potential of anthracite,dolomite, limestone and pozzolan as reactive media for de-icing salt removal from road runoff     

A. de Santiago-Martín  A. Michaux  G. Guesdon  B. Constantin  M. Despréaux  R. Galvez-Cloutier 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(10):2313-2324

De-icing salt (NaCl) application is a common practice during winter road maintenance in northern countries, compromising ecosystem services. Ecoengineering facilities, including reactive filter beds, are becoming an effective strategy for road runoff management. Different materials (anthracite coal, dolomite, limestone, and pozzolan) were tested as reactive media of filter beds. Characterization showed that dolomite has the best physical properties (resistance to fragmentation, porosity) for filter bed construction and maintenance, followed by limestone. NaCl removal efficiency was investigated in batch at different concentrations (150–5000 mg L^?1 Cl). Removal efficiency substantially varied depending on the element (Cl or Na), the material, and the added NaCl concentration. At the lowest NaCl concentration, Cl removal was higher onto anthracite (48 %) and dolomite (59 %); but greater Na removal was reached onto limestone (54 %) and pozzolan (67 %). At higher concentrations, Cl removal was similar (anthracite), decreased (dolomite), or increased (limestone, pozzolan); and Na removal increased (anthracite) or decreased (dolomite, limestone, pozzolan). Parallel experiments at 4 °C showed lower NaCl removal, anthracite being the most efficient. Practical applicability was evaluated in columns using synthetic runoff solution (NaCl and metals). NaCl removal efficiency was much lower in column assays with respect to batch. The highest NaCl removal was reached onto dolomite, followed by limestone. Metals were successfully removed, generally remaining over time in a wide range (41–89 % Cd, 78–97 % Ni, 44–88 % Cu, and 3–83 % Zn) depending on the material, being pozzolan the least efficient. Further studies including a combination of materials would be of high interest.  相似文献   

Using GPR for assessing the volume of sediments from the largest natural dam lake of the Eastern Carpathians: Cuejdel Lake,Romania     

Alin Mihu-Pintilie  Andrei Asandulesei  Ionut Cristi Nicu  Cristian Constantin Stoleriu  Gheorghe Romanescu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(8):710

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Sensitivity analysis for the EPIK method of vulnerability assessment in a small karstic aquifer, southern Belgium   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Radu Constantin Gogu  Alain Dassargues 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(3):337-345

Applying the EPIK parametric method, a vulnerability assessment has been made for a small karstic groundwater system in southern Belgium. The aquifer is a karstified limestone of Devonian age. A map of intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer and of the local water-supply system shows three vulnerability areas. A parameter-balance study and a sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the influence of single parameters on aquifer-vulnerability assessment using the EPIK method. This approach provides a methodology for the evaluation of vulnerability mapping and for more reliable interpretation of vulnerability indices for karst groundwater resources. Received, March 1999/Revised, December 1999, February 2000/Accepted, February 2000  相似文献   

Contrasting volcanic-tectonic processes during the past 2 Ma on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: submersible mapping,petrological and magnetic results at lat. 34°52′ N and 33°55′ N     

Bideau  Daniel  Hékinian  Roger  Sichler  Bertrand  Gràcia  Eulàlia  Bollinger  Claire  Constantin  Marc  Guivel  Christelle 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(5):425-458

In August–September of 1995, 20 Nautile dives and detailed magnetic surveys (spaced every 1.8 km) were undertaken on two segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Oceanographer and Hayes fractures zones. These two segments are only 65 km apart and show strong morphology and gravity contrasts. OH1 is shallower and has a large mantle Bouguer anomaly (MBA) bull's eye, whereas OH3 is deeper and has a smaller MBA bull's eye.Thirteen dives were devoted to segment OH1. The Median Ridge (MR) located on the central high (1700 m deep) is topped by 100 to 300 m high circular volcanoes. The volcanics consists mainly of porphyritic and/or vesicular pillows and volcaniclastics. The NVZ (2200 m deep), located in the valley floor east of the MR, consists of near aphyric fluid lava flows. A chain of off-axis volcanoes, displaying a magnetic continuity with surroundings, extends on both sides of the axis. Three volcanoes on the east side and one on the west side of the axis were explored and sampled by submersible. The off-axis increase of weathering, Fe-Mn coating and magnetic signature suggest that the volcanoes were built at or near the ridge axis. The spacing of NS elongated hills bearing circular volcanoes and separated large magnetic signature (2 to 4 km) depressions suggests that several similar volcanic events occured during the past 2 Ma. The last 1 Ma episode involves (1) the construction of an axial ridge (MR) by fissure eruptions and the formation of circular summit volcanoes by focused volcanism, and (2) the extrusion of fluid magma in the depressions formed by further fissuring and faulting of the MR.  相似文献   

Uncoupled rocking and shear base-mechanisms for resilient reinforced concrete high-rise buildings     

Fei Tong  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(10):981-1006

High-rise buildings are an efficient solution to meet the housing challenges of global urbanization that is happening at an incredible pace. Code-based seismic design philosophies are aimed at achieving collapse-prevention under major earthquakes, implying extensive structural damage associated with important losses. A number of high-performance systems have been investigated for enhancing the resilience of high-rise buildings whose design is especially challenging due to higher-mode effects even when a flexural mechanism is formed at the base of the structure. To this end, this paper proposes a new concept consisting of a three-dimensional uncoupled rocking and shear mechanism system for high-rise buildings where reinforced concrete (RC) core walls are used as the lateral-force-resisting system. The proposed system provides a dual-mechanism at the base that independently limits both overturning moments (OTMs) and shear forces and thus more effectively mitigates higher-mode effects. The characteristic mechanics of the proposed system are first studied through an idealized model. A physical embodiment is then designed, detailed, and validated through advanced models and extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses. A 42-story RC core-wall building that is located in Los Angeles and was studied as part of the PEER Tall Buildings Initiative is used as a reference structure in this study. Results confirmed that the proposed system eliminates damage at the base of the walls and minimizes the inelastic demands over the height of the building. In a general sense, the proposed concept provides a framework in which the intended dual mechanism can be implemented to a wider range of high-rise structures.  相似文献   

Real-time hybrid simulation of structures equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers using a user-programmable computational platform     

Jack Wen Wei Guo  Ali Ashasi-Sorkhabi  Oya Mercan  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2017,16(4):693-711

A user-programmable computational/control platform was developed at the University of Toronto that offers real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) capabilities. The platform was verified previously using several linear physical substructures. The study presented in this paper is focused on further validating the RTHS platform using a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic damper that has displacement, frequency and temperature-dependent properties. The validation study includes damper component characterization tests, as well as RTHS of a series of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers that represent different structural designs. From the component characterization tests, it was found that for a wide range of excitation frequencies and friction slip loads, the tracking errors are comparable to the errors in RTHS of linear spring systems. The hybrid SDOF results are compared to an independently validated thermalmechanical viscoelastic model to further validate the ability for the platform to test nonlinear systems. After the validation, as an application study, nonlinear SDOF hybrid tests were used to develop performance spectra to predict the response of structures equipped with damping systems that are more challenging to model analytically. The use of the experimental performance spectra is illustrated by comparing the predicted response to the hybrid test response of 2DOF systems equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers.  相似文献